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Why Queen Elizabeth II was the queen of 15 countries
The Commonwealth, explained.
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After centuries of colonizing much of the world, the British Empire began its fast descent in the 1960s amid a global wave of independence movements. But when Queen Elizabeth II died in 2022, she was not only still queen of 14 countries besides the United Kingdom, she was also still the leader of an organization that on a map looks a lot like the British Empire.
The British Empire created the first iteration of the Commonwealth to appease white settler colonies looking for more autonomy. It granted them more independence to govern themselves but kept them under the crown. As British leaders realized their power might be at risk throughout their colonies worldwide, the monarchy made a play to keep ties and preserve their global influence by allowing newly independent republics to join the Commonwealth too. The only catch: They had to accept the queen as the leader of the organization. With the death of Queen Elizabeth II, this vestige of the British Empire is now under the leadership of King Charles III. So, what exactly is the Commonwealth? Why is it still here? And will it survive?
Correction: A previous version of this video mistakenly showed Myanmar as a member of the Commonwealth on a 1994 map, mislabeled Sierra Leone and Gold Coast for a brief moment on a 1927 map, and omitted Greenland, all of which have now been corrected.
We have also clarified that India became a republic shortly after independence with a new line of narration at 3:12; corrected Queen Elizabeth II’s title at 00:16 and 00:47; and updated the date Barbados became a republic from November 29, 2021, to November 30, 2021.
Sources:
Read about Barbados shedding the queen and becoming a republic:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-59470843
To learn more about the sugar plantations under the British Empire check out this project:
https://runaways.gla.ac.uk/minecraft/index.php/slaves-work-on-sugar-plantations/#:~:text=English%20planters%20first%20began%20growing,and%20Mississippi%20in%20North%20America.
To understand 20th-century Britain and the rise of independence movements, check out “The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa”:
https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=africana_studies_conf
To take a deeper look at how the monarchy started using its image and the media to stay relevant and survive in a changing world, check out Ed Owens’ book:
https://www.academia.edu/40806538/The_Family_Firm_Monarchy_Mass_Media_and_the_British_Public_1932_53
To understand the role of the Commonwealth today, check out this op-ed by Philip Murray, director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies:
https://www.theafricareport.com/71058/the-commonwealth-why-does-it-exist-and-does-it-help-its-members/
For a deeper look at royalty in general and the British Royal family in particular, watch our episode of Royalty, Explained on Netflix:
https://www.netflix.com/watch/81273753?trackId=255824129
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