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Why the dyslexic brain is misunderstood
How dyslexia is a differently organized brain.
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The brain isn’t naturally wired to read. It’s a task that requires explicit instruction for our brains to activate different areas, including those that control vision, sound, and meaning. For fluent readers, the result is a complicated reading circuit — connected by neural pathways of white matter — to allow us to process words within milliseconds. But this reading circuit looks different for people with dyslexia.
For decades, the research was largely focused on how this different brain organization often resulted in delays and difficulty in areas like reading, spelling, and grammar. And today, there continues to be stigma and misconceptions around a dyslexia diagnosis.
But the challenges of dyslexia often overshadow another part of the picture. Research has repeatedly shown dyslexia is also associated with specific cognitive strengths. These include visuo-spatial processing, narrative memory, problem-solving, and reasoning. While there is still a lot to learn about these advantages and how they work, in the piece above we unpack what we know about dyslexia, and what many studies have concluded about these strengths.
This perspective could be critical — not just for the roughly 20 percent of people who have dyslexia — but for the colleagues, peers, and educators who can better empower dyslexic thinking and better understand neurodiversity.
SOURCES:
On the reading brain:
Proust and the Squid: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/proust-and-the-squid-maryanne-wolf?variant=32122454671394
Studies:
“Explorative bias”: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889245/full
Impossible figures: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15503582/ // https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12744954/
Peripheral vision: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3574384/ // https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p6036
Blurred images: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035724#pone-0035724-t003
ADDITIONAL READING:
The Dyslexic Advantage: https://www.dyslexicadvantage.org/book/
Amazing Dyslexics: https://www.amazingdyslexic.com/
Overcoming Dyslexia: https://dyslexia.yale.edu/research-science/overcoming-dyslexia/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-advantages-of-dyslexia/
https://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/dyslexics/learn-about-dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia/the-many-strengths-of-dyslexics
https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/dyslexia-faq/#:~:text=Dyslexia%20affects%2020%20percent%20of,brightest%20children%20struggle%20to%20read.
Note: The headline on this piece has been updated.
Previous headline: The benefits of dyslexic thinking
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