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25 juillet 2023 - 17:33
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How stop motion animation began
An unusual insect story was the start of an animation revolution.
Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube.
Episode 1: https://youtu.be/NMkZpuiEqh8
Episode 2: https://youtu.be/stznrpS3_Gc
Correction: A previous version of this video labeled King Kong and The Mascot as having come out in 1958. Both dates are 1933.
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In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the delightfully strange beginning of stop motion animation. In a stop motion movie, an animator arranges an object, takes a picture, slightly adjusts the positioning, and then does it all over again. When the pictures are played in succession, it looks like motion. Though people have been experimenting with stop motion since the beginning of film, the new art really took off when an insect collector named Wladyslaw Starewicz (later Ladislas Starevich, among other spellings) wanted to see his beetles move.
His 1912 film, The Cameraman’s Revenge, was the most significant of those early experiments. By that time, he’d been discovered as a precocious museum director in a Lithuanian Natural History Museum, and that enabled him to make movies. The Cameraman’s Revenge was his boldest experiment yet, depicting a tryst between star-crossed (bug) lovers.
As the above video shows, he employed technical innovations to do so, including strings that controlled his unusual puppets. He also occasionally replaced legs and augmented their bodies with wheels to enhance his stop motion process. The results are strange, hilarious, and changed the medium.
Starewicz went on to animate many other classics in the genre, influencing filmmakers like Terry Gilliam and Wes Anderson. And that legacy all started with the improbable story of cheating bugs and the museum director who loved them.
Further reading:
For a good overview, check out Puppet Animation in the Cinema by L. Bruce Holman. It’s a great tool to delve into the long history of puppet animation.
https://archive.org/details/PuppetAnimationInTheCinemaHistoryAndTechniqueByLBruceHolmanStarbrite
American Cinematographer has a nice 1930 interview with Starewicz about his work.
https://archive.org/details/americancinematographer10-1930-02/page/n27?q=starevitch
The Magic Mirror by Denise Youngblood is a history of Soviet Film from 1908-1918 (including Starewicz and even some of the propaganda films most historians believe he was drafted into making).
https://archive.org/details/magicmirrormovie00youn
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